Many people receive care in their homes as they approach the end of life. If you're faced with death, you will need to make difficult decisions, including the type of care you wish to receive, where you want to receive it, and who will make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to do so.
This article covers everything you need to know about end-of-life care and how to prepare for this stage.
- What is end-of-life care? (Palliative care vs. hospice care)
- When does palliative care begin? Signs you need care
- Who provides palliative care?
- End-of-life planning
- Caregiving in the final stages
- Emotional and spiritual support
- Priorities of end-of-life care
- How long does it last?
- Tips to cope with death and anticipatory grief
What is End-of-Life Care? (Palliative Care vs. Hospice Care)
End-of-life care is specialized support for individuals with life-threatening conditions. It provides comfort and dignity during the final months or years of life.
End-of-life care includes both hospice and palliative care:
- Palliative care: Available at any stage of a serious illness, including from the time of diagnosis. It focuses on improving quality of life through pain and symptom management, along with curative treatments.
- Hospice care: Specifically for individuals with terminal illnesses in their final six months. It prioritizes comfort and symptom relief rather than curative treatments. Hospice care is often covered by Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance.
When Does End-of-Life Care Begin? Signs Your Loved One Needs Care
End-of-life care typically begins when a doctor determines that a person is likely to pass within the next 12 months. Common reasons include terminal illness, aging, or severe physical or mental decline.
Some signs that indicate a need for end-of-life care include:
- Treatment Is No Longer Effective: If curative treatments are no longer working, transitioning to palliative or hospice care may be the best option.
- Worsening Illness: Advanced diseases such as cancer, dementia, or severe cognitive decline may require comfort-focused care.
- Severe Symptoms: If pain or symptoms become unmanageable, a medical team may suggest end-of-life care.
- Frequent Hospital Visits: A decline in health may result in increased hospital or doctor visits, signaling a need for more comprehensive care at home.
- Loss of Appetite: A lack of interest in eating or drinking can be a sign that a person is approaching the end of life.
- Recurring Infections: Frequent infections may indicate the body is struggling to fight off illness.
- Increased Sleeping: A person sleeping more often and withdrawing from social activities may need additional care.
- Physical or Mental Decline: Increased frailty, loss of balance, or memory loss may indicate a need for full-time palliative care.
Who Provides Palliative Care?
End-of-life care can be provided by a team of professionals, including:
- Doctors
- Nurses
- Healthcare aides
- Counselors
- Community nurses
- Occupational therapists
For individuals receiving care at home, a general practitioner (GP) oversees treatment, while community nurses and family members provide daily support.
End-of-Life Planning
Planning for end-of-life ensures that a person's wishes are honored and provides clarity for family members. Key aspects to consider include:
- Plan Ahead: Discuss care preferences, treatment options, and spiritual needs.
- Address Legal & Financial Matters: Create a living will, power of attorney, and advance directives.
- Resolve Family Conflicts: Seek guidance from professionals if disagreements arise.
- Communicate Openly: Encourage honest discussions about wishes and expectations.
Caregiving in the Final Stages
Caregivers play a critical role in ensuring comfort and quality of life during the final stages. Care can be provided at home or in a hospice facility.
Emotional and Spiritual Support
Spiritual and emotional needs are just as important as physical care. Patients may find comfort in:
- Spending time with loved ones
- Reading or prayer
- Listening to music
- Discussing meaningful memories
Priorities of End-of-Life Care
End-of-life care focuses on:
- Providing comfort and dignity
- Respecting a person's wishes
- Offering emotional and spiritual support
- Minimizing unnecessary medical interventions
How Long Does It Last?
The end-of-life stage varies from person to person. Some individuals pass peacefully in a few days, while others may remain in this stage for weeks.
Tips for Family Members Coping with Loss
Anticipatory grief can be challenging. Some coping strategies include:
- Allow Yourself to Grieve: There is no right or wrong way to process emotions.
- Seek Emotional Support: Talking to professionals or support groups can be helpful.
- Spend Quality Time Together: Make the most of the time you have with your loved one.
- Consider a Retreat: Taking time for self-care can be beneficial.
- Explore Holistic Approaches: Meditation, journaling, and spiritual practices may provide comfort.
The end of life is inevitable, but it does not have to be faced alone. At Nurse Next Door, we are here to support you and your loved ones every step of the way.
Call us at 1-877-588-8609 today to learn how we can help.
"Nurse Next Door has provided care for my 102-year-old father since 2018. The attendants treat him with dignity and respect, and we are incredibly grateful." - Marilyn Thijs-Farnum
